宠物猫:经典阅读与听力专项：New Data on Killer House Cats宠物猫是否应该放养？
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NewDataonKillerHouseCats
NewDataonKillerHouseCats
Domesticcatsthatliveorgooutsidekilllotsofwildanimals.RecentstudiesfindthatoutdoorcatsinNorthAmericatakeoutbetweentenandthirtybillionbirdsandmammalseachyear.
Domesticcatsthatliveorgooutsidekilllotsofwildanimals.RecentstudiesfindthatoutdoorcatsinNorthAmericatakeoutbetweentenandthirtybillionbirdsandmammalseachyear.
生活或外出的家猫会杀死很多野生动物宠物猫。最近的研究发现，北美的户外猫每年杀死100亿到300亿只鸟类和哺乳动物。
Still,ithasn’tbeenclearwhatkindofanimpacttheworld's600millionpetcatshaveonwildlifepopulations—andwhetherthatimpactposesathreattobiodiversityconservation.
Still,ithasn’tbeenclearwhatkindofanimpacttheworld's600millionpetcatshaveonwildlifepopulations—andwhetherthatimpactposesathreattobiodiversityconservation.
然而，目前还不清楚世界上6亿只宠物猫对野生动物种群产生了怎样的影响，也不清楚这种影响是否会威胁生物多样性宠物猫。
"Anyonewhohasacatseestheircatsbringanimalshome.Andthequestionis,well,doesitmatter...andespeciallywewantedtoknow…wherearethecatsactuallyhunting?Aretheyhuntingintheirbackyardsoraretheygoingoutintothenaturepreserves?"
"Anyonewhohasacatseestheircatsbringanimalshome.Andthequestionis,well,doesitmatter...andespeciallywewantedtoknow…wherearethecatsactuallyhunting?Aretheyhuntingintheirbackyardsoraretheygoingoutintothenaturepreserves?"
“任何养猫的人都会看到他们的猫把动物带回家宠物猫。问题是，这重要吗?我们特别想知道，猫到底在哪里捕猎?它们是在自家后院打猎呢，还是去自然保护区?”
NorthCarolinaStateUniversityzoologistRolandKays.
NorthCarolinaStateUniversityzoologistRolandKays.
北卡罗来纳州立大学的动物学家罗兰·凯斯说道宠物猫。
TogetherwithcolleaguesintheUK,Australia,andNewZealand,KaysdistributedsmallGPStrackerstocitizenscientistcatowners.Theyattachedthetrackerstotheircats'collars.Inall,morethan900petcatsweretrackedthisway,allofwhichwereroutinelyallowedtoroamfreelyoutside.
TogetherwithcolleaguesintheUK,Australia,andNewZealand,KaysdistributedsmallGPStrackerstocitizenscientistcatowners.Theyattachedthetrackerstotheircats'collars.Inall,morethan900petcatsweretrackedthisway,allofwhichwereroutinelyallowedtoroamfreelyoutside.
凯斯与英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的同事一起，把小型GPS追踪器分发给养猫的公民宠物猫。他们把追踪器系在猫的项圈上。通过这种方式，来追踪900多只在户外自由活动的宠物猫。
Somecatsweretrueexplorers.OneBritishcatcalledMaxwalkedalmosttwokilometersbackandforthalongaroadbetweentwoneighboringvillages—twice!Butthemajoritywerehomebodies,rarelystrayingmorethanahundredmetersfromhome.Inotherwords,theyusedtheirownbackyards,plusthoseofafewneighbors,astheirhuntinggrounds.ThefindingsareinthejournalAnimalConservation.
Somecatsweretrueexplorers.OneBritishcatcalledMaxwalkedalmosttwokilometersbackandforthalongaroadbetweentwoneighboringvillages—twice!Butthemajoritywerehomebodies,rarelystrayingmorethanahundredmetersfromhome.Inotherwords,theyusedtheirownbackyards,plusthoseofafewneighbors,astheirhuntinggrounds.ThefindingsareinthejournalAnimalConservation.
有些猫是真正的探险家宠物猫。一只名叫Max的英国猫在两个相邻村庄之间的路上来回走了近两公里——两次!但大多数猫都是“宅男”，很少在离家一百米以外的地方游荡。换句话说，它们用家里的后院和一些邻居的后院，作为狩猎场。这项研究结果发表在《动物保护》杂志上。
"Wewereabletoputthisintokindofacurrency,intoavalueofhowmanypreyanimalsdoesapetcatkillperhectare,sortofperarea,peryear?Andthat'ssomethingwecanalsoestimateforwildpredators.Sowewereabletoestimatethisforawildcatcalledthejunglecat,whichisaboutthesamesize.Andtheykillalotmorepercatbecausetheyhavetohunttogeteverythingthattheyeat,whereasthepetcatsgettheirfoodbowl.Buttheyhuntoveramassivearea,comparedtothepetcats."
"Wewereabletoputthisintokindofacurrency,intoavalueofhowmanypreyanimalsdoesapetcatkillperhectare,sortofperarea,peryear?Andthat'ssomethingwecanalsoestimateforwildpredators.Sowewereabletoestimatethisforawildcatcalledthejunglecat,whichisaboutthesamesize.Andtheykillalotmorepercatbecausetheyhavetohunttogeteverythingthattheyeat,whereasthepetcatsgettheirfoodbowl.Buttheyhuntoveramassivearea,comparedtothepetcats."
我们可以把它转换成一种货币，一种价值——宠物猫每年每公顷杀死多少猎物?这也是我们对野生捕食者的估计宠物猫。我们估算出一种叫做丛林猫的体型，它和宠物猫体型差不多大。但每只丛林猫杀死的动物更多，因为它们必须捕猎才能得到食物。但与宠物猫相比，丛林猫捕猎的范围很大。”
Andinsomeplaces,includingCalifornia,Florida,Australia,andelsewhere,catswereanimportantthreattosomespeciesthatarealreadyintrouble.
Andinsomeplaces,includingCalifornia,Florida,Australia,andelsewhere,catswereanimportantthreattosomespeciesthatarealreadyintrouble.
在一些地方，如加利福尼亚、佛罗里达、澳大利亚和其他地方，猫咪已经开始威胁部分陷入困境的物种宠物猫。
"Ononehand,it’skindofgoodnewsthatthecatsaren'tgoingoutfurtherabroad,butit’sbadnewsthatthey'requitelikelytohaveanimpactonanimalstheysharespacewithneartheirhouses."
"Ononehand,it’skindofgoodnewsthatthecatsaren'tgoingoutfurtherabroad,butit’sbadnewsthatthey'requitelikelytohaveanimpactonanimalstheysharespacewithneartheirhouses."
“一方面，这是一种好消息，猫不会去更远的地方，但这也是一个坏消息，因为它们很可影响离自己家很近、共享空间的动物宠物猫。
Withsomuchkillingconcentratedaroundpeople'shouses,thepositiveimpactsofurbanwildlife—likethebeautyofsongbirds,orthewaysmalllizardscancontrolinsectpests—couldgetwashedawayinpreciselytheareaswherethosebenefitsaremostappreciated.So,whenconservationistsimplorecatownerstokeeptheirpetsindoors,scientificevidenceagrees.
Withsomuchkillingconcentratedaroundpeople'shouses,thepositiveimpactsofurbanwildlife—likethebeautyofsongbirds,orthewaysmalllizardscancontrolinsectpests—couldgetwashedawayinpreciselytheareaswherethosebenefitsaremostappreciated.So,whenconservationistsimplorecatownerstokeeptheirpetsindoors,scientificevidenceagrees.
随着房子周围的杀戮行为增多，城市野生动物的积极影响——比如美丽的鸣禽、小蜥蜴控制捕捉害虫的方式——都可能受到冲击，而这些都是人们最欣赏的宠物猫。因此，当自然资源保护主义者恳求猫主人把宠物养在室内时，科学证据也同意这一观点。
原文
Asinglepetcatdoesn'tkillasmanyanimalsasawildcatdoestosurvive.Butthepet’simpacthappensinamuchsmallerarea.So,inagivenarea,say100squaremeters,petcatskillbetweentwoandtentimesasmanyotheranimalsasdosimilarly-sizedwildpredators.
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